“多规融合”视角下的城市总体规划编制探索-以《凯里-麻江城市总体规划修编（2014-2030）》为例

研究以贵州省黔东南州《凯里—麻江城市总体规划修编(2014—2030)》为例,结合凯里—麻江建设国际旅游城市的发展战略要求,在城市总体规划平台上以“多规融合”为基础,提高空间精度,消除“多规”之间存在的空间差异,建立“三刚三弹”的规划控制线体系,优化对旅游资源的保护和利用,同时以近期建设规划强化“多规”的动态融合,协同土地需求和供给,建立统一的实施时序,以期探索一条具有贵州省山地特色的新型城镇化道路。     

Microstructural evolution of 96.5Sn–3Ag–0.5Cu lead free solder reinforced with nickel-coated graphene reinforcements under large temperature gradient

In this study, 96.5Sn–3Ag–0.5Cu (SAC305) lead-free composite solder containing graphene nanosheets (GNS) decorated with Ni nanoparticles (Ni-GNS) was prepared using a powder metallurgy method. A lab-made set-up and a corresponding Cu/solder/Cu sample design for assessing thermo-migration (TM) was established. The feasibility of this setup for TM stressing using an infrared thermal imaging method was verified; a temperature gradient in a solder joint was observed at 1240 K/cm. Microstructural evolution and diffusion of Cu in both plain and composite solder joints were then studied under TM stressing conditions. Compared to unreinforced SAC305 solder, the process of diffusion of Cu atoms in the composite solder joint was significantly reduced. The interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs) present in the composite solder joint also provide a more stable morphology after the TM test for 600 h. Furthermore, during the TM test, the Ni-GNS reinforcement affects the formation, migration and distribution of Ni–Cu–Sn and Cu–Sn IMCs by influencing the dissolution rate of Cu atoms.     

Study of compatibility between aliphatic polyketone terpolymer and poly(styrene-r-acrylonitrile)

Compatibility studies have been conducted for polyketone (PK) and styrene–acrylonitrile (SAN) blends in which SAN polymers have different acrylonitrile (AN) contents. Measurements of mechanical properties exhibit the immiscibility of PK/SAN blends. Glass transition temperature shifts and width broadening of the glass transition mean partial compatibility in the amorphous region of the PK/SAN blends. Peak shifts of the CO functional group are larger for PK/SAN48 than that of PK/SAN40 blend. In morphological observations, the dispersed domains appear more refined for the PK/SAN48 blend and the PK/SAN48 blend has better boundary adhesion between the two phases. The Flory–Huggins interaction parameters simulated for the PK/SAN mixture were at a low level and the PK/SAN48 blend showed lower values than the PK/SAN40 blend. This means that the PK/SAN polymer blend is partially compatible in the amorphous region. The level of compatibility tends to increase as the AN content of the SAN polymer increases. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48743.     

Long-distance renewable hydrogen transmission via cables and pipelines

Intermittency is one of the main obstacles that inhibit the wide adoption of the renewable energy in the power sector. Small-scale fluctuations can be tackled by short-term energy storage system, whereas long-term or seasonal intermittencies rely on large-scale energy management solutions. Besides the supply and demand mismatch in temporal domain, renewable energy sources are usually far away from consumption points. To connect the energy sources to the demand cost-effectively, cable transmission is usually the default option, and considering the long distance, other emerging energy carriers such as hydrogen could be a feasible option. However, there is handful studies on the quantitative evaluation of the long-distance energy transmission cost. This paper investigated the economic feasibility of renewable energy transmission via routes of power cable and gas pipeline. In the direct power transmission case, renewable energy is transmitted via HVDC cable and then converted to hydrogen for convenient storage. The alternative case converts renewable energy into hydrogen at the source and transports the hydrogen in the gas pipeline to consumers. Existing data available from public domain are used for cost estimation. Results show that the improvements of capacity factor and transmission scale are the most cost-effective approach to make the renewable hydrogen economically viable. At 4000 km of transmission distance, renewable hydrogen LCOE of 7 US$/kg and 9 US$/kg are achievable for the corresponding optimum cases, respectively.